Democracy is a system of government where people control the agenda and hold decision-makers accountable. It gives every person the power and freedom to help choose the path for their society and to take action to improve their lives. It is the only political system that can force governments to work for their citizens, not against them. The most important element of democracy is a vibrant citizenry that actively participates in society and in their government – through voting, protesting, running for office, or other ways to engage in democratic politics. Without this engagement, democracy will fail.
Democracy also requires respect for human rights and the rule of law. Democracies should ensure that all persons can take part in the governance of their country through freely chosen representatives, with periodic and genuine elections by universal suffrage. They should respect the right to freedom of opinion and expression, and guarantee access to information and transparency. In turn, these rights create an environment that facilitates democracy and enables it to realize its potential as a mechanism for the protection and realization of human rights.
As different as all nations and societies are, modern democracy consists of the same essential components: a people-controlled constitution; elected leaders at the national and local levels who listen to their constituents and respond to their concerns; free, fair and professional elections that allow all political parties and candidates to present their views to voters, both directly and through mass media; independent courts that uphold and enforce the laws without fear or favor; and the ability to hold elected leaders accountable for their actions.
A strong democracy includes a loyal opposition that passionately advocates for its policy interests, but does not resort to violence against the democratic process or its opponents. It also includes a commitment to a free press and other mechanisms that promote a culture of tolerance, openness and pluralism.
While there is a debate over what is included in a definition of democracy, most include electoral procedures, participation and accountability as core elements. Some go even further by including economic or administrative efficiency in their indices of democracy.
Some argue that democratic values and principles are being undermined by the rise of populist demagogues in many parts of the world. However, a democracy that is not reliant on its own popularity can endure challenges and thrive over time. It is worth remembering that democracies exist all around the globe, with each one having its own unique characteristics and needs. Over the course of history, they have survived civil wars; racial and ethnic cleansing; famines; devastating natural disasters; economic expansions and depressions; and social, demographic, and technological change. They have also brought women, minorities and indigenous peoples closer to full equality; and reduced inequality in all its forms. It is our responsibility to defend democracy, and to educate each generation about its value. Only then can it be a force that can resist the siren call of autocratic leaders and sustain a peaceful coexistence of diverse peoples and cultures.